Conservative and Reform Jews believe that the ancient laws and practices have to be interpreted for modern life with inclusion of contemporary sources and with more concern with community practices than with ritual practices. Reform Jews also allow everyone to sit together, men and women, and both Hebrew and the local language are spoken in services. The Tenakh is the ancient collection of writings that are sacred to the Jews. They were written over almost a thousand years from to BCE.
The word Tenakh comes from the three first letters of the three books included in this text: the Torah, plus the Nev'im prophets and the Ki'tuvim writings, which include histories, prophecies, poems, hymns and sayings. The Torah is written on scrolls and kept in a special cabinet called the aron hakodish, the holy ark, in synagogues. The Torah is read with a pointer called a yad hand to keep it from being spoiled.
Each week, one section is read until the entire Torah is completed and the reading begins again. The Talmud is also an important collection of Jewish writings.
Written about years ago, it is a recording of the rabbis' discussion of the way to follow the Torah at that time. Later texts, the Mishnah Torah and the Shulhan Aruch, are recordings of rabbinic discussions from later periods. Judaism: Basic Beliefs How did Judaism begin? What do Jewish people believe? Do not make images to worship. Do not misuse the name of God.
Observe the Sabbath Day Saturday. Keep it Holy. Honor and respect your father and mother. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. After the Exile , however, popular religion among the Judaeans and the Jews of the Diaspora include several innovations:. After the Exile, the Hebrews invent a concept of a more or less dualistic universe, in which all good and right comes from Yahweh, while all evil arises from a powerful principle of evil.
Such a dualistic view of the universe helps to explain tragedies such as the Exile. Popular Jewish religion begins to form an elaborate theology of the end of time, in which a deliverer would defeat once and for all the forces of evil and unrighteousness.
Concurrent with the new eschatology, there is much talk of a deliverer who is called " messiah ," or "anointed one. Popular Judaism adopts an elaborate after-life. Since justice does not seem to occur in this world, it is only logical that it will occur in another world.
The afterlife becomes the place where good is rewarded and evil eternally punished. While the reformers resist these innovations, they take hold among a large part of the Hebrew population. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library. Category » Ancient Jewish History. Academies in Babylonia and Erez Israel. Administration of Judaea. After Exile. Age of Patriarchs. Akkadian Language. Architecture and Architects. Ark of Covenant. Baal Worship. Bar Kochba Revolt.
Barcelona, Disputation of. Ben Sira, Alphabet of. Birth and Evolution of Judaism. Chronicles of Kings of Israel. Coins and Currency. Cult of Moloch. Dead Sea Scrolls.
Egypt and Wanderings. Episcopus Judaeorum. Great Assembly. Great Revolt. Great Synagogue. Hannah and her Seven Sons. Herodian Dynasty. Hillel and Shammai. Jewish High Priests. Jewish Links to Holy Land. Jews of Middle East. Judges of Bet Din. Judges of Israel. Juramentum Judaeorum. Kedemites or Easterners.
Kings of Israel. Kings of Judah. Land of Hebrews. Laws Affecting Jews CE. Leather Industry and Trade. Lydia, Lydian. Maimonidean Controversy. Manuscripts, Hebrew. Oath More Judaico. Occupation of Canaan. Ossuaries and Sarcophagi. Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes. Phoenicia, Phoenicians. Pillar of Cloud and Pillar of Fire. Polish Literature. Portraits of Jews. Practice and Procedure. Return to Zion. Rulers of Ancient Middle East.
Sefer Raza Rabba. Servi Camerae Regis. Shewbread or Showbread. Shimon Bar-Kochba. Sibyl and Sibylline Oracles. Talmud and Middle Persian Culture. Teacher of Righteousness. Judaism claims a historical continuity spanning more than 3, years. Judaism has its roots as a structured religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age.
Of the major world religions, Judaism is considered one of the oldest monotheistic religions. Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law. Jews are an ethnoreligious group and include those born Jewish and converts to Judaism. In , the world Jewish population was estimated at Abraham is hailed as the first Hebrew and the father of the Jewish people. As a reward for his act of faith in one God, he was promised that Isaac , his second son, would inherit the Land of Israel then called Canaan.
At Mount Sinai they received the Torah — the five books of Moses. Eventually, God led them to the land of Israel where the tabernacle was planted in the city of Shiloh for over years to rally the nation against attacking enemies. As time went on, the spiritual level of the nation declined to the point that God allowed the Philistines to capture the tabernacle.
The people of Israel then told the prophet Samuel that they needed to be governed by a permanent king, and Samuel appointed Saul to be their King. When the people pressured Saul into going against a command conveyed to him by Samuel, God told Samuel to appoint David in his stead. The Kingdom of Judah continued as an independent state until it was conquered by a Babylonian army in the early 6th century BCE, destroying the First Temple that was at the center of ancient Jewish worship.
0コメント