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Insiders are considered part of the community within which they are conducting research while outsiders are considered to be outside of the group they are studying Hellawell, As a mixed-methods researcher, what implications does my positionality have on research? Where do I even position myself? The benefits and drawbacks relate to the lack of distance between the researcher and the chosen participants.
Therefore, the participants may be more willing to share, and provide richer data Berger, Finally, there is often a delicate balance that the researcher engages in while deciding how much of their insiderness to reveal to participants. There is a fear that to be considered too much of an insider, there may be assumptions that are made by the researcher or the participant, and thus less information may be disclosed Hellawell, It could very well be the case that despite being an insider, they do not know something about the subculture they are targeting with their research.
The benefits and drawbacks related to the researcher as an outsider within their research are related to the distance afforded by being an outsider. It is often considered a positive to be an outsider within research, as they are able to be more objective and critical within the situation Hellawell, However, the notion of objectivity has been criticized, as their presence within the research setting, and power within the research process must be recognized and reflected upon Lewis as cited in Hellawell, For example, researchers may be permitted to speak with principals within a school, but may have trouble accessing the teachers within the school.
As an outsider, the researcher may not be able to formulate relevant questions to the research, as they are unfamiliar with the subtleties of the context Berger, Additionally, participants may feel that a researcher from outside of their group will be unable to adequately represent their story, as it is not something to which they can relate or have experienced Berger, Hammersley as cited in Hellawell, argues that being an insider allows for access to valid knowledge that an outsider may not have.
Hellawell suggests that it is this familiarity and empathy mixed with a sense of alienation or distancing that provides the ideal situation for the researcher to engage with participants. To help novice researchers grasp the notion of the in-between, Hellawell suggests that students who are beginning to conduct research reflect on five questions:.
I would suggest that this may be a good reflection process for all researchers who are approaching a new research project, as the project, participants, or situations may change how they are considered insiders or outsiders within the research. Acknowledging the in-between also allows for recognition of the facets of which the researcher may be considered an insider or outsider.
Thus, many continuums on which to fluctuate between being an insider or an outsider Hellawell, Ways in which the researcher can maintain reflexivity is prolonged engagement with participants, multiple interviews with the same participant, speaking with a group about the findings or ideas, or journaling Berger, The in-betweener researcher position could guard against the accusation of grinding an ax, often attributed to the disability research done by the culturally embedded disabled insiders.
In addition, it allows researchers to drop the label of an objective outsider. This paper cautions against romanticizing the insider researcher who possesses tacit knowledge and can generate thick, authentic, rich descriptions of the marginal group, whilst vilifying the idealized outsider position, which is predicated on objectivity and value-neutrality. While conducting any social research, and in particular researching on marginalized groups, such as disabled people, it is indispensable that researchers nurture openness, respect and empathy.
They ought to remain critical yet culturally sensitive, constantly undertake self-scrutiny and empower the marginalized group through responsible and ethical data production and dissemination Bridges This paper invites researchers with disabilities to take a new look at the simplistic insider-outsider polarity and encourages them to adopt an in-betweener researcher position instead.
This critical, fluid position allows for the incorporation of biographical complexities and multi-layered identities more freely at the different stages of the research process. Epistemologically speaking, this position offers much and perhaps there is little to lose. Barnes, Colin. Mertens and Pauline E. Ginsberg, — Bridges, David. New York: Springer. Brinkmann, Svend, and Steinar Kvale.
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Chhabra, G. Insider, Outsider or an In-Betweener? Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research , 22 1 , pp. Chhabra G. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research , 22 1 , — Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research 22 1 : — Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research 22, no. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research , vol.
Start Submission. Reading: Insider, Outsider or an In-Betweener? Epistemological Reflections of a Legally Blind Researc Abstract Researchers have long debated the perils and possibilities associated with being an insider or an outsider while conducting qualitative research. This paper revisits this insider-outsider debate by drawing on the experiential insights of a legally blind researcher who, as a part of a comparative study, conducted qualitative interviews with 29 young adults with visual impairments from Oslo and Delhi in and Based on critical reflections across different stages of the research process, the paper problematizes the simplistic binaries, such as insider-outsider, Privileged-Oppressed, Us-Them and Native-Foreign.
It argues for the adoption of an in-betweener researcher status located somewhere on the insider-outsider continua. Comparative disability research entailing Global North and Global South countries is scarce. This paper offers valuable epistemological insights for other researchers working with marginalized groups.
Keywords: insider research, outsider research, Norway, India, comparative disability research, in-betweener. How to Cite: Chhabra, G. Published on 12 Nov Peer Reviewed. CC BY 4. Accepted on 29 Oct Submitted on 30 Dec Introduction The question associated with insider and outsider researcher positionality has been vociferously debated in social research Bridges ; Crossley et al.
Table 1 Characteristics of participants. For example, while reflecting upon the work-responsibilities undertaken to support his mother during the initial years one participant remarked: My mother pushed me to do something … [household] work.
Competing Interests This research paper is part of a Ph. References Barnes, Colin.
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