These plants provide essential genetic resources to develop robust crops. Far more than a list of species and their status, it is a powerful tool to inform and catalyze action for biodiversity conservation and policy change, critical to protecting the natural resources we need to survive. The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria are intended to be an easily and widely understood system for classifying species at high risk of global extinction.
A taxon is Near Threatened NT when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered , Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. A taxon is Vulnerable VU when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable, and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
A taxon is Endangered EN when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. A taxon is Critically Endangered CR when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
A taxon is Extinct In The Wild EW when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population or populations well outside the past range. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form. A taxon is Extinct EX when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. The large, warm-blooded bluefin tuna is a common, upscale sushi menu item and has been severely overfished.
The Atlantic bluefin, like so many other ocean species, is threatened by humans' ravenous appetites: Demand far exceeds sustainable fishing levels. Loggerhead sea turtle : More than half the world's 7. Among them is the loggerhead sea turtle, which was listed as a federally threatened species in owing to destruction of its beach nesting habitat, harassment while nesting, overharvesting of its eggs, and bycatch death via commercial fishing gear.
Ninety-five percent of the U. Thanks to careful management, the species' population increased 24 percent from to , but under intense pressure from development and recreational beach use, it declined dramatically thereafter, raising concerns it should be uplisted to endangered status. The population has increased in recent years, but is still highly vulnerable to nesting habitat destruction and disruption.
Just 42, nesting attempts were made on Florida beaches in Sandplain gerardia : As the human population has increased, it has consumed remote landscapes with houses and other structures. The natural disturbances caused by fire, flood, drought and storm patterns, are suppressed despite playing essential roles in ecosystem health. In conflict with the permanence of human development, these disturbances create an ever-changing blend of meadow and forest, young and mature vegetation patterns.
By controlling, limiting and often stopping these essential natural processes, we have changed ecosystems across America, eliminating habitat for rare and endangered species that depend on open habitats. In New England and the Atlantic coast, brush fires once thinned out dense pine forests and created a constantly moving mosaic of grasslands and prairies. The fires have been suppressed to protect human structures, causing open habitats to be permanently replaced by forest and brush.
This nearly caused the extinction of the sandplain gerardia, a coastal plant in the snapdragon family. Lange's metalmark butterfly : Many endangered species are endemics, meaning they naturally have very small ranges and populations sizes, and usually require very particular soil, vegetation or climate conditions to survive. These species are especially vulnerable to human encroachment. Among them is Lange's metalmark butterfly, protected as endangered in This unique ecosystem harbored many unique species, and many species have gone extinct as its dunes were hauled away in massive increments.
After the fires, the city of San Francisco was rebuilt using brick-building material removed from the dunes. Lange's metalmark is one of the most endangered species in the United States. It declined from some , in historic times to just in It improved a bit, but then declined to just 45 butterflies in Today the species is still on the knife edge of extinction, with about individuals remaining. Mississippi gopher frog : The Mississippi gopher frog lives in stump holes and burrows dug by other animals, laying its eggs in ponds so shallow they dry up for several months of the year, keeping them free of fish that would eat frog eggs.
It was placed on the endangered species list in The U. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed to designate 7, acres as protected critical habitat for the Mississippi gopher frog in Mississippi and Louisiana in Many—such as the Steller sea lion, grizzly bear, and bald eagle—are on the road to recovery because of the protections provided by this law.
Under the ESA, species may be listed as either endangered or threatened. The chart below includes all the animals currently listed under the ESA. Please see the key below for an explanation of the abbreviations used in the chart. Last updated January List of Endangered Species. Sperm Whale.
Bengal Tiger. Northern White Rhinoceros. African Wild Dog. Asian Elephant.
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